P & ID common symbols, How to read a P&ID.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) are schemes of pipelines, equipment, instrumentation, control systems, from a process system found in Oil Refinery, Chemical Plant, Paper Mill, Cement Plant, etc.

The symbols contained in P & ID represent equipment such as actuators, sensors and controllers. Process tools such as valves (valves), instruments, and pipelines are identified by code. The codes are based on the size, type of fluid being drained, type of pipe connection (such as using Bolt or Flang), and the status of the Valve status (Normally Close or Normally Open).

How to read a P&ID?

The Instrumentation codes listed in P & ID are as follows, the first letter identifies the parameters that are controlled, the letters then identify the type of control device

Based on the example of the P & ID diagram above, FT101, the first letter F has the meaning of the code (based on the ISA code), namely Flow.

First letter	Parameters controlled
A	Analysis
C	Conductivity
D	Density
E	Voltage
F	Flow Rate
I	Current
L	Level
M	Moisture(Humidity)
P	Pressure or Vacuum
T	Temperature
V	Viscosity

The second letter T has the meaning Transmitter, code FT101 can be interpreted as Flow Transmitter, Circles indicate FT101 mounted (mounted) in the Field Area, which is connected by electric signal (dashed line).

Next letter	Control equipment type
A	Alarm
C	Controller
I	Indicator
T	Transmitter
V	Control Valve
E	Element
IC	Indicator Controller
FC	Ratio Controller
R	Recorder
HS	Hand Switch
HV	Hand Valve
Q	Totalizer
IQ	Indicating Totalizer
XV	Solenoid Valve
Y	Calculation
FY	Ratio Callculation
SL	Switch Low
SH	Switch High
AL	Alarm Low
ALL	Alarm Low Low
AH	Alarm High
AHH	Alarm High High

In FIC101, meaning (Flow Indicator Controller), the symbol in the form of a box and circle shows FIC101, located in Shared Control / Shared Displays and can be accessed by the operator.

Process and Instrumentation Symbols – Instruments

The process flow diagram uses symbols and circles to represent each instrument and how they are interconnected in the process.

Process and Instrumentation Symbols – Equipments:

Pumps and tanks come in a variety of designs and shapes.

Process and Instrumentation Symbols – Valves:

Process and Instrumentation Symbols – Piping Lines:

Process flow diagrams use special pipe lines to represent how signals are transmitted between equipment. These symbols are used to identify how the instruments in the process connect to each other. And what kind of signal is being used. (electrical, pneumatic, data, etc.)

 

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